Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Grease a 9x13-inch dish with cooking spray. Cook sausage in a large skillet, stirring occasionally, until no longer pink, 6 to 8 minutes. Drain fat and transfer to a bowl. Cook and stir hash browns to the same skillet until lightly browned, about 8 minutes. Place hash browns in the baking dish; top with sausage, shredded Cheddar cheese, and green chile peppers. Whisk eggs, milk, salt, pepper, onion powder, and garlic powder in a bowl. Pour over hash brown mixture. Bake uncovered in the preheated oven until bubbly and the top is golden brown, 35 to 40 minutes.